A PROJECT OF CATCH FIRE MOVEMENT AND ARIZONA RIGHT TO DISSENT
Our methodology

How we grade every state.

The Freedom Index is a transparent, public scoring system that grades all 50 U.S. states A through F on the constitutional right to political boycott. Every grade ties back to specific laws, court rulings, and legislative votes — and every weight is published. No black boxes.

Version 2.0 · Last updated June 2026
Stay in the loop

Join the Right to Dissent campaign.

Get updates as new states get graded, court rulings drop, and repeal efforts move forward. No spam — one email when it matters.

JOIN THE CAMPAIGN
§1 · The basic principle

Every state starts at 100.

Each U.S. state begins the Freedom Index with a perfect score of 100, representing a state with no anti-boycott or anti-divestment legislation on the books. Points are deducted when a legislature enacts or expands legislation that restricts the right to political boycott. Points are credited back when such legislation is repealed or successfully challenged.

The system is intentionally subtractive: a state cannot earn more than 100, but it can lose enough that its raw score drops below zero — those states are labeled Severely Restricted and displayed at the 0 floor.

Show the math

Every state's grade page includes a "Show the math" button that exposes the exact deduction stack — what was deducted, why, and which bill or court ruling triggered it. Click any state on the homepage map to see this in action.

§2 · Module A

The Israel/BDS core (max −65).

Module A covers laws that require government contractors or other entities to certify they do not boycott Israel as a condition of doing business with the state. This is the original category of anti-boycott legislation — the structural baseline against which all cross-issue expansions are measured.

Deductions

ConditionPoints
Any anti-BDS / Israel boycott law in force−30
Law extended to universities / academic boycotts−10
Law requires public investment or pension divestment−10
Law lost a federal constitutional challenge and was replaced rather than repealed−15
Module A maximum deduction−65

Credits (for repeal action)

ConditionPoints
Repeal bill currently filed+2.5
Full repeal of base BDS law+30
Repeal of university / academic extension+10
Repeal of investment / pension divestment requirement+10
Repeal after losing a federal constitutional challenge+15
Why −30 (not −40)?

Lowering the base penalty from −40 (v1.5) to −30 (v2.0) creates proportional scoring headroom. A state with only a BDS law still drops far enough to be penalized — but the change allows Module B cross-issue expansions to register their full severity on the same scale, without pushing every multi-module state into extreme negative territory.

§3 · Module B

Cross-issue expansion (max −70).

Module B covers laws that extend the same compelled-speech mechanism to politically targeted industries beyond Israel. This expansion is scored independently of Module A because it represents a qualitatively different act: converting a narrow foreign-policy loyalty test into a generalized mechanism for suppressing economic and political dissent.

A state with broad Module B expansions may score worse than a state with only Module A — by design. The Index treats the generalization of anti-dissent power as more severe than its targeted origin.

Deductions

ConditionPoints
Law expanded to cover ESG / sustainable-investment criteria−20
Law expanded to cover the firearms industry−15
Law expanded to cover the fossil fuel / energy sector−15
Law expanded to cover any other political or consumer boycott target (per additional category, up to −20)−10 each
Module B maximum deduction−70

Credits

ConditionPoints
Expansion repeal bill currently filed (per active bill, up to +5 total)+2.5 each
Successful repeal of ESG expansion+20
Successful repeal of firearms expansion+15
Successful repeal of fossil fuel expansion+15
Why ESG carries the highest penalty (−20)?

ESG expansions affect the broadest set of public actors — pension funds, universities, municipalities, state investment boards. They also target the widest range of political causes (climate, labor, human rights). Firearms and fossil-fuel expansions each affect a more defined industrial sector, so they receive −15.

§4 · Module C

Reserved — for future anti-dissent domains.

Module C is held open. It provides a structural slot for new categories of anti-dissent legislation as they emerge and proliferate, without requiring any adjustment to existing Module A or Module B scores. This design protects the historical comparability of the Index.

When a new legislative tactic emerges in isolated states, the Index captures it as an Advisory Flag on the state's profile — visible and documented with bill citations — but not deducted from the score. A new domain becomes a scored Module only after it has been enacted in 5 or more states.

Currently monitored (Advisory only)

The advisory flag as a story

When SLAPP laws or anti-protest statutes start appearing in 3–4 states, the Index publishes a note that "these are being tracked for potential Module C activation." That threshold moment is itself a national accountability signal — and a story. The Advisory Flag turns the methodology into an ongoing public alert, not just a one-time score.

§5 · Grade bands

Score to letter grade.

Letter grades are assigned to state scores after applying the 0–100 display floor. The grade scale is unchanged from Version 1.0.

A
85 – 100
No active anti-boycott legislation
B
70 – 84
Minor restrictions; no expansion
C
55 – 69
Core BDS law; limited scope
D
40 – 54
Core law + partial expansion
F
0 – 39
Core law + broad expansion or multi-module
0
Severely Restricted
Raw score below zero — multi-module accumulation (currently TX, AR)
Total maximum deduction

Module A (−65) + Module B (−70) = up to −135 total. That means a state's raw score can fall as low as −35. We cap the display at 0 and label those states Severely Restricted — preserving intuitive letter-grade mapping while accurately flagging the worst-scoring states.

America's overall grade — how it's calculated

The tracker also displays a single national grade — a population-weighted average across all 50 states + DC. This is the headline number when people ask "how is the country doing overall?"

Show the math · National population-weighted score

The formula:

national_score = Σ ( state_score × state_population ) ÷ total_US_population

Step-by-step:

  1. For each of the 50 states + DC, compute the state's Freedom Index score (0–100, using the displayed value after the Severely Restricted floor).
  2. Multiply each state's score by its population (US Census 2024 estimates).
  3. Sum those products across all states.
  4. Divide by the total US population. The result is the national population-weighted score on the same 0–100 scale.

Worked example (simplified, 3 states):

California (39M people, score 35) → 35 × 39M = 1,365M
Texas (30M people, score 0) → 0 × 30M = 0
New York (19M people, score 35) → 35 × 19M = 665M
Sum: 2,030M
Total pop: 88M
National score: 2,030M ÷ 88M = 23.1 → F

Why population-weighted (not flat-averaged)?

An unweighted average treats Wyoming (587K people) the same as California (39M). That would give a misleading picture of how many Americans actually live under these laws. The population-weighted score answers the more useful question: "what's the average Freedom Index score experienced by an American chosen at random?"

Current national grade: applied to today's data, the national population-weighted score lands in the C tier. Eva is reviewing whether to align this with the v1.5 default (D tier) or keep the v2.0 banding — see her Aug 6 note on the renderCounters function for context. The grade band may shift before public launch.

What changes the national grade?

  • A large state (TX, CA, NY, FL) shifting status has outsized impact.
  • A small state moving doesn't materially change the national number — but is reflected in its own state grade and on the leaderboard.
  • If Texas or Arkansas repealed their statutes, the national score would jump by ~3 points.

Population data source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 state population estimates. Updated annually.

§6 · Worked example

How Arizona got its F.

Arizona is the campaign's home state and the test case for restoring this right nationwide. Below is the full deduction stack — every line traces to a specific bill or court ruling. The same breakdown is available on the live site by clicking Arizona on the map and selecting "Show the math."

Arizona — Module A breakdown
ConditionPoints
Anti-BDS law in force — HB 2617 (signed 2016)−30
University extension — SB 1250 (2022) reaches university contracts−10
Investment / pension divestment — SB 1250 also requires public pension funds to divest from boycotters−10
Federal court loss, replaced rather than repealedJordahl v. Brnovich (D. Ariz. 2018) struck down the original law; legislature passed SB 1167 (2019) as a workaround instead of repealing−15
Total Module A−65
100 − 65 = 35
Final grade: F
35 falls in the F tier (0–39)

What would change Arizona's grade?

§7 · Legislator scoring

How individual Arizona legislators are graded.

The state-level Freedom Index measures laws on the books. The State Legislator Scorecard measures who voted for them. These are separate scoring systems — they share the same A–F vocabulary, but they're computed independently.

Arizona is the first state where every sitting legislator is individually graded. We track five bills since 2016, weighted by whether they're substantive (creating law) or symbolic (expressing position).

The five tracked bills

BillYearWeightClass
HB 2617 — original anti-BDS statute20161.0Substantive
SB 1167 — post-Jordahl narrowing20191.0Substantive
SB 1250 — university + pension expansion20221.0Substantive
HCM 2002 — concurrent memorial (resolution)20260.5Symbolic
HCR 2047 — concurrent resolution20260.5Symbolic

How votes translate to score

VoteEffect on score
Y — voted FOR an anti-boycott bill−1 × weight (penalty)
N — voted AGAINST an anti-boycott bill+1 × weight (credit)
NV — present but did not vote0 (counted toward the NV-cap rule below)
— not in office for that voteExcluded entirely. No legislator is penalized for a vote they couldn't cast.

The formula

Sum each (vote × weight) for every counted vote. Divide by total weight to produce a ratio between −1.0 and +1.0. Map the ratio to a letter grade:

A+
≥ +0.85
A
≥ +0.5
B
≥ +0.15
C
> −0.15
D
≥ −0.5
F
< −0.5

Two override rules

Rule 1 — Substantive-YES floor (caps at D)

If a legislator voted YES on any of the three substantive bills (HB 2617, SB 1167, SB 1250), their grade is capped at D, no matter what their ratio says. Voting YES on a real anti-boycott statute is a position you don't get to erase with later NO votes on symbolic resolutions. If they have any pro-dissent NO vote alongside the substantive Y, they get bumped to D+ as evolution credit.

Rule 2 — NV-Penalty Cap (caps thin records at B)

If a legislator has no counted substantive votes (provisional grade) AND abstained (NV) on any tracked bill, their otherwise-A/A+ grade caps at B. The reasoning: if your record is this thin and you couldn't even take a side on the votes you were present for, that's reluctance — which doesn't deserve a top grade. A clean N/N record with no abstentions keeps the A+.

Special grades on the scorecard

§8 · Data sources

Where the numbers come from.

Every grade is built from public legislative records. We use multiple cross-referenced sources to ensure accuracy:

Foundation for Middle East Peace (FMEP)
Primary statute source
Lara Friedman's weekly digest of anti-boycott legislation is our authoritative source for which bills have passed, where, and what they cover. We sync from her dataset nightly.
LegiScan
Real-time verification
We pull live bill text, vote rolls, and status updates from LegiScan's API. Used to verify the FMEP digest against current legislative records.
OpenStates
Legislator data
Powers the zip-code locator that returns each Arizona constituent's two state representatives and one senator. Also provides voting roll-call data for the AZ scorecard.
azleg.gov
Arizona roll-call authority
All Arizona legislator vote records are verified directly against the Arizona Legislature's official roll-call publications.
Just Vision
Cross-reference
Just Vision's anti-boycott legislation tracker is consulted for additional bill detail and historical context.
Palestine Legal
Court history
ACLU and Palestine Legal case dockets are cited for the federal challenges that drive the Module A "court loss" deduction.
§9 · Download & corrections

Get the full PDF. Flag what's wrong.

Methodology v2.0 — full PDF

The complete authoring document: the full methodology paper, including all scoring tables, theoretical framing, and rationale sidebars. Free to reuse with attribution.

DOWNLOAD PDF

Found something wrong? Tell us.

Every grade is computed from public bill data. If a bill year is off, a court ruling is missing, a scope description is outdated, or a legislator vote is misrecorded — please flag it. We acknowledge corrections within 48 hours and patch the data within 30 minutes once verified.

Email corrections to: steven@catchfiremovement.org

Include the state code, the specific data point you're correcting, and a citation (LegiScan link, court docket, or news article) so we can verify before pushing the fix.