A PROJECT OF CATCH FIRE MOVEMENT AND ARIZONA RIGHT TO DISSENT
Our methodology

How we grade every state.

The Freedom Index is a transparent, public scoring system that grades all 50 U.S. states A through F on the constitutional right to political boycott. Every grade ties back to specific laws, court rulings, and legislative votes — and every weight is published. No black boxes.

Version 2.0 · Last updated June 2026
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§1 · The basic principle

Every state starts at 100.

Each U.S. state begins the Freedom Index with a perfect score of 100, representing a state with no anti-boycott or anti-divestment legislation on the books. Points are deducted when a legislature enacts or expands legislation that restricts the right to political boycott. Points are credited back when such legislation is repealed or successfully challenged.

The system is intentionally subtractive: a state cannot earn more than 100, but it can lose enough that its raw score drops below zero — those states are labeled Severely Restricted and displayed at the 0 floor.

Show the math

Every state's grade page includes a "Show the math" button that exposes the exact deduction stack — what was deducted, why, and which bill or court ruling triggered it. Click any state on the homepage map to see this in action.

§2 · Module A

The Israel/BDS core (max −65).

Module A covers laws that require government contractors or other entities to certify they do not boycott Israel as a condition of doing business with the state. This is the original category of anti-boycott legislation — the structural baseline against which all cross-issue expansions are measured.

Deductions

ConditionPoints
Any anti-BDS / Israel boycott law in force−30
Law extended to universities / academic boycotts−10
Law requires public investment or pension divestment−10
Law subjected to a federal constitutional challenge — whether the state lost and replaced it rather than repealing, or fought the challenge and kept it in force. The deduction measures the state's defense of speech suppression in court, regardless of outcome−15
Module A maximum deduction−65

Credits (for repeal action)

ConditionPoints
Repeal bill currently filed+2.5
Full repeal of base BDS law+30
Repeal of university / academic extension+10
Repeal of investment / pension divestment requirement+10
Repeal after losing a federal constitutional challenge+15
Why −30 (not −40)?

Lowering the base penalty from −40 (v1.5) to −30 (v2.0) creates proportional scoring headroom. A state with only a BDS law still drops far enough to be penalized — but the change allows Module B cross-issue expansions to register their full severity on the same scale, without pushing every multi-module state into extreme negative territory.

§3 · Module B

Cross-issue expansion (max −70).

Module B covers laws that extend the same compelled-speech mechanism to politically targeted industries beyond Israel. This expansion is scored independently of Module A because it represents a qualitatively different act: converting a narrow foreign-policy loyalty test into a generalized mechanism for suppressing economic and political dissent.

A state with broad Module B expansions may score worse than a state with only Module A — by design. The Index treats the generalization of anti-dissent power as more severe than its targeted origin.

Deductions

ConditionPoints
Law expanded to cover ESG / sustainable-investment criteria−20
Law expanded to cover the firearms industry−15
Law expanded to cover the fossil fuel / energy sector−15
Law expanded to cover any other political or consumer boycott target (per additional category, up to −20)−10 each
Module B maximum deduction−70

Credits

ConditionPoints
Expansion repeal bill currently filed (per active bill, up to +5 total)+2.5 each
Successful repeal of ESG expansion+20
Successful repeal of firearms expansion+15
Successful repeal of fossil fuel expansion+15
Why ESG carries the highest penalty (−20)?

ESG expansions affect the broadest set of public actors — pension funds, universities, municipalities, state investment boards. They also target the widest range of political causes (climate, labor, human rights). Firearms and fossil-fuel expansions each affect a more defined industrial sector, so they receive −15.

§4 · Module C

Reserved — for future anti-dissent domains.

Module C is held open. It provides a structural slot for new categories of anti-dissent legislation as they emerge and proliferate, without requiring any adjustment to existing Module A or Module B scores. This design protects the historical comparability of the Index.

When a new legislative tactic emerges in isolated states, the Index captures it as an Advisory Flag on the state's profile — visible and documented with bill citations — but not deducted from the score. A new domain becomes a scored Module only after it has been enacted in 5 or more states.

Currently monitored (Advisory only)

The advisory flag as a story

When SLAPP laws or anti-protest statutes start appearing in 3–4 states, the Index publishes a note that "these are being tracked for potential Module C activation." That threshold moment is itself a national accountability signal — and a story. The Advisory Flag turns the methodology into an ongoing public alert, not just a one-time score.

§5 · Grade bands

Score to letter grade.

Letter grades are assigned to state scores after applying the 0–100 display floor. As of August 2026, the bands mirror standard American grading — the scale every reader already knows.

A
90 – 100
No anti-boycott law on the books
B
80 – 89
Law in force, minimal scope — the ceiling for any state with a law
C
70 – 79
Core anti-boycott law; limited scope
D
60 – 69
Core law + divestment or partial expansion
F
0 – 59
Court-tested law, broad expansion, or multi-module restriction
0
Severely Restricted
Raw score below zero — multi-module accumulation (currently AR only)
Total maximum deduction

Module A (−65) + Module B (−70) = up to −135 total. That means a state's raw score can fall as low as −35. We cap the display at 0 and label those states Severely Restricted — preserving intuitive letter-grade mapping while accurately flagging the worst-scoring states.

America's overall grade — how it's calculated

The tracker also displays a single national grade — a population-weighted average across all 50 states + DC. This is the headline number when people ask "how is the country doing overall?"

Show the math · National population-weighted score

The formula:

national_score = Σ ( state_score × state_population ) ÷ total_US_population

Step-by-step:

  1. For each of the 50 states + DC, compute the state's Freedom Index score (0–100, using the displayed value after the Severely Restricted floor).
  2. Multiply each state's score by its population (US Census 2024 estimates).
  3. Sum those products across all states.
  4. Divide by the total US population. The result is the national population-weighted score on the same 0–100 scale.

Worked example (simplified, 3 states):

California (39M people, score 35) → 35 × 39M = 1,365M
Texas (30M people, score 0) → 0 × 30M = 0
New York (19M people, score 35) → 35 × 19M = 665M
Sum: 2,030M
Total pop: 88M
National score: 2,030M ÷ 88M = 23.1 → F

Why population-weighted (not flat-averaged)?

An unweighted average treats Wyoming (587K people) the same as California (39M). That would give a misleading picture of how many Americans actually live under these laws. The population-weighted score answers the more useful question: "what's the average Freedom Index score experienced by an American chosen at random?"

Current national grade: the national score uses the same American letter bands as the states. Applied to today's data, the population-weighted score is 59 — an F. America fails on the right to political boycott.

What changes the national grade?

  • A large state (TX, CA, NY, FL) shifting status has outsized impact.
  • A small state moving doesn't materially change the national number — but is reflected in its own state grade and on the leaderboard.
  • If Texas or Arkansas repealed their statutes, the national score would jump by ~3 points.

Population data source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2024 state population estimates. Updated annually.

§6 · Worked example

How Arizona got its F.

Arizona is the campaign's home state and the test case for restoring this right nationwide. Below is the full deduction stack — every line traces to a specific bill or court ruling. The same breakdown is available on the live site by clicking Arizona on the map and selecting "Show the math."

Arizona — Module A breakdown
ConditionPoints
Anti-BDS law in force — HB 2617 (signed 2016)−30
University extension — SB 1250 (2022) reaches university contracts−10
Investment / pension divestment — SB 1250 also requires public pension funds to divest from boycotters−10
Federal court loss, replaced rather than repealedJordahl v. Brnovich (D. Ariz. 2018) struck down the original law; legislature passed SB 1167 (2019) as a workaround instead of repealing−15
Total Module A−65
100 − 65 = 35
Final grade: F
35 falls in the F tier (0–39)

What would change Arizona's grade?

§7 · Legislator scoring

How individual Arizona legislators are graded.

The state-level Freedom Index measures laws on the books. The State Legislator Scorecard measures who voted for them. These are separate scoring systems — they share the same A–F vocabulary, but they're computed independently.

Arizona is the first state where every sitting legislator is individually graded. We track five bills since 2016, weighted by whether they're substantive (creating law) or symbolic (expressing position).

The five tracked bills

BillYearWeightClass
HB 2617 — original anti-BDS statute20161.0Substantive
SB 1167 — post-Jordahl narrowing20191.0Substantive
SB 1250 — university + pension expansion20221.0Substantive
HCM 2002 — concurrent memorial (resolution)20260.5Symbolic
HCR 2047 — concurrent resolution20260.5Symbolic

How votes translate to score

VoteEffect on score
Y — voted FOR an anti-boycott bill−1 × weight (penalty)
N — voted AGAINST an anti-boycott bill+1 × weight (credit)
NV — present but did not vote0 (counted toward the NV-cap rule below)
— not in office for that voteExcluded entirely. No legislator is penalized for a vote they couldn't cast.

The formula

Sum each (vote × weight) for every counted vote. Divide by total weight to produce a ratio between −1.0 and +1.0. Map the ratio to a letter grade:

A+
≥ +0.85
A
≥ +0.5
B
≥ +0.15
C
> −0.15
D
≥ −0.5
F
< −0.5

Two override rules

Rule 1 — Substantive-YES floor (caps at D)

If a legislator voted YES on any of the three substantive bills (HB 2617, SB 1167, SB 1250), their grade is capped at D, no matter what their ratio says. Voting YES on a real anti-boycott statute is a position you don't get to erase with later NO votes on symbolic resolutions. If they have any pro-dissent NO vote alongside the substantive Y, they get bumped to D+ as evolution credit.

Rule 2 — NV-Penalty Cap (caps thin records at B)

If a legislator has no counted substantive votes (provisional grade) AND abstained (NV) on any tracked bill, their otherwise-A/A+ grade caps at B. The reasoning: if your record is this thin and you couldn't even take a side on the votes you were present for, that's reluctance — which doesn't deserve a top grade. A clean N/N record with no abstentions keeps the A+.

Special grades on the scorecard

§8 · Data sources

Where the numbers come from.

Every grade is built from public legislative records. We use multiple cross-referenced sources to ensure accuracy:

Foundation for Middle East Peace (FMEP)
Primary statute source
Lara Friedman's weekly digest of anti-boycott legislation is our authoritative source for which bills have passed, where, and what they cover. We sync from her dataset nightly.
LegiScan
Real-time verification
We pull live bill text, vote rolls, and status updates from LegiScan's API. Used to verify the FMEP digest against current legislative records.
OpenStates
Legislator data
Powers the zip-code locator that returns each Arizona constituent's two state representatives and one senator. Also provides voting roll-call data for the AZ scorecard.
azleg.gov
Arizona roll-call authority
All Arizona legislator vote records are verified directly against the Arizona Legislature's official roll-call publications.
Just Vision
Cross-reference
Just Vision's anti-boycott legislation tracker is consulted for additional bill detail and historical context.
Palestine Legal
Court history
ACLU and Palestine Legal case dockets are cited for the federal challenges that drive the Module A "court loss" deduction.
§9 · Download & corrections

Get the full PDF. Flag what's wrong.

Methodology — this page is the reference

This page is the complete, current methodology: all scoring tables, rationale, and the corrections log below. A downloadable PDF edition returns with the refreshed press kit. Free to cite with attribution.

Found something wrong? Tell us.

Every grade is computed from public bill data. If a bill year is off, a court ruling is missing, a scope description is outdated, or a legislator vote is misrecorded — please flag it. We acknowledge corrections within 48 hours and patch the data within 30 minutes once verified.

Email corrections to: steven@catchfiremovement.org

Include the state code, the specific data point you're correcting, and a citation (LegiScan link, court docket, or news article) so we can verify before pushing the fix.

Corrections log

We audit our own data and publish what we fix. That's the deal.

July 2026 — internal data audit

Massachusetts (July 21): corrected from B to A. Our scorer had treated MA's 2015 non-binding resolution as a law in force. Massachusetts has never enacted a binding anti-boycott statute; the pending-bill status is unchanged. Resolutions do not score states under this methodology.

Cross-issue (Module B) deductions re-verified against enacted statutes (July 28): deductions for ESG, firearms-industry, and fossil-fuel anti-boycott extensions previously keyed off summary descriptions; they now key off named, verified bills listed on each state's record. As a result: Kentucky F→C, Tennessee F→B, West Virginia F→C, Oklahoma F→D, North Dakota F→D, Texas remains F but exits "Severely Restricted," and Montana — which has a firearms-industry anti-boycott statute (HB 356, 2023) but no Israel/BDS law, having defeated anti-BDS bills in 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023 — corrected from F to A. Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, and Utah were verified and unchanged. The count of states with anti-boycott laws in force (38) is unaffected.

Pending-bill rule tightened (July 29): a state with no law in force but a verified live anti-boycott bill in the current legislative session is now capped at a B — an active legislative threat is not a clean record. The cap requires bill-level verification and direction: pro-boycott-rights legislation (such as Massachusetts H.2984, which would divest state pensions from companies arming Israel) never triggers it. Applying the verification standard, no state currently qualifies: Connecticut's SB 407 (2025) died in committee and Virginia's 2024–2025 procurement bills all failed, so both now display as states without anti-boycott laws whose attempts were defeated — consistent with how Montana's defeated bills are treated. Massachusetts displays its pending bill as what it is: pro-divestment.

Rubric clarifications (July 31): three open questions from the audit were resolved. Court-challenge deduction: the −15 applies whenever a state's law faced a federal constitutional challenge, regardless of outcome — a state that fought to keep its law (Arkansas, upheld en banc in 2022, cert denied 2023) attacked the right to dissent as surely as one that lost and replaced its law to evade the ruling (Arizona). The label on Arkansas's record was corrected from "replaced after" to "defended through" — the deduction itself was always correct. Broad statutes: Module B categories deduct independently even when enacted through a single omnibus statute — a law restricting three industries' boycott rights restricts three industries' boycott rights. North Dakota: the ESG deduction is confirmed, now annotated as an insurance-code restriction (HB 1429) since its mechanism differs from procurement-based statutes.

Second audit pass — all 50 states (July 31): every state's deduction stack was re-verified against primary sources. Two more phantom deductions were found and corrected: South Carolina (C→B) and Pennsylvania (C→B) were each deducted for anti-boycott laws "extending to public universities" — in fact, South Carolina's university-related measures are separate IHRA-definition budget riders and a non-binding resolution, and Pennsylvania's university-defunding bill was defeated in 2016. Neither state's anti-boycott law covers universities. Metadata corrections in the same pass: Mississippi's 2024 sunset removal (SB 2226, signed April 22, 2024) is now correctly recorded as enacted; Wisconsin's EO 261 is dated 2017 (not 2011); Maryland's SB 170 is dated 2014 (not 2015); Alaska's executive-order fragility note now displays (its instrument is an Administrative Order). "Repeal bill filed" copy was removed from five states: cross-referencing against the Just Vision tracker confirmed those repeal bills were real (MN SF 3356/SF 3021/HF 3258, WI AB 1147, MO HB 3290, UT SB 329, MD HB 1382) but all died at their legislatures' 2026 adjournments — the copy returns when a live one exists. The same cross-reference caught one more phantom: North Dakota's "investment divestment" deduction (F→D correction of July 28, now D at 50) — HB 1368 contains no divestment mandate; it bars pro-boycott investment policies, which is not a scored category. New Jersey's pending expansion bills were updated to the live 2026 session versions (S 820/A 1624). All other states verified clean, including Ohio's and Florida's university extensions, which are real and enacted. Law-in-force cap: no state with an anti-boycott law on the books can grade above B — an A is reserved for states with no such law. This follows directly from the pending-bill cap: if a live bill blocks an A, an enacted statute certainly does. Montana (standalone firearms statute, anti-BDS bills defeated four times) moves from 85/A to 84/B under this rule.

Grade bands aligned to standard American grading (August 4): A 90–100, B 80–89, C 70–79, D 60–69, F 0–59 — replacing the v2.0 bands (A ≥85, B ≥70, C ≥55, D ≥40). No state's score changed; only the score-to-letter mapping did. Letters shifted for 31 states (for example: 70-point states such as Tennessee, Wisconsin, and California move B→C; 55-point states such as Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, and West Virginia move C→F; Florida, North Dakota, and Oklahoma move D→F). The national population-weighted score (59) now maps to an F — under the scale every American learned in school, the country fails on the right to boycott. The law-in-force and pending-bill caps move from 84 to 89 (still "maximum B"). Earlier entries in this log cite letters under the bands in effect at the time.

Full sourcing for every change is available on request via the corrections email above.

Updated August 2026: letter bands now follow standard American grading (A 90–100 · B 80–89 · C 70–79 · D 60–69 · F 0–59) and the site's press kit is temporarily offline while it's refreshed. Underlying state scores are unchanged; details are in the corrections log above.